The (FCERM) research and development programme areas of interest launched at the beginning of May 2024. Following this, we are highlighting the BGS datasets that can support coastal researchers and practitioners facing adaptation challenges at the coast.

As a result of the complex interaction of natural properties and processes, a range of geohazards converge at the coast and make it a hotspot for financial and societal costs. One such example of these issues is demonstrated by the plight of Fairbourne, a village in west Wales that is . The third UK Climate Change Risk Assessment (CCRA3) has highlighted that all four UK nations are  and the UK lacks national ‘projections of risk to the viability of coastal communities, either from erosion or catastrophic flooding’.

Existing methodologies for assessing national coastal erosion vulnerability often fail to consider how the localised properties and structures of geological deposits can affect coastal change when combined with coastal processes. For example, the (NCERM) for England and Wales states, ‘Details of geologically complex areas known as “complex cliffs” are, in general, not included within the dataset due to the inherent uncertainties associated with predicting the timing and extent of erosion at these locations.’

51ÁÔÆæ GeoCoast

51ÁÔÆæ GeoCoast aims to plug this data gap by providing a suite of nationally consistent geological properties data that can be used by stakeholders as key components within a coastal modelling environment.

51ÁÔÆæ launched GeoCoast in 2022. It is an integrated geographical information system (GIS) package of datasets designed to inform and support coastal management, planning and adaptation around Great Britain. GeoCoast is based on the outputs of numerous research programmes, stakeholder advice and data analytics and provides sufficient data for users to analyse and assess a range of coastal risks.

GeoCoast Premium

GeoCoast Premium is a licenced package that identifies coastal properties at a 50 m scale and consists of three layers:

• erosion susceptibility
• coastal properties
• groundwater flooding zones

Erosion susceptibility

The first layer provides an erosion susceptibility assessment of the coastal stratigraphy. Our regional geology experts considered the 3D geological ‘stack’ of rock types on the coasts of Great Britain, providing unique insight that is not always available from 2D geology maps.

Each rock type in the stack is scored based on a series of geological properties:

• type of discontinuities
• material strength
• permeability

A total score is calculated per rock type and a worst and mean erosion susceptibility score provided for the entire stack. Scores are also classified from ‘low’ to ‘high’, with special consideration given to the rock type at the bottom of the stack as this is most likely to interact with wave action and tidal processes.

Additional information is provided on:

• cliff profile
• complexity of the geological structure of the stack
• whether there have been any previous landslides mapped at this location

This is repeated every 50 m around the high-water line of mainland Great Britain. Projected rates of erosion calculated by the NCERM project are also provided for England and Wales.

Coastal properties grid

The coastal properties grid provides information on a wider coastal range, covering the foreshore and backshore region. Using the data to consider Fairbourne as an example, the grid provides a condensed version of the erosion susceptibility assessment.

Projected coastal inundation extents consider sea level projections from UK Climate Projection (UKCP) 18 under the RCP 4.5 emissions scenario. These projections offer a worst case, undefended view of coastal inundation and therefore do not account for any engineered defences.

The susceptibility of the underlying geology and observed ground motion data have been used to calculate subsidence rates for the entire foreshore and backshore area. It is also available as a potential percentage volume reduction.

The coastal zone has been classified by coastal type.

Groundwater flooding zones

The third component of GeoCoast Premium is the groundwater flooding zone. This layer allows for coastal inundation and groundwater flooding to be considered in tandem as groundwater flooding can exacerbate and prolong coastal flood events and have a particular impact on buried assets such as utilities and foundations. In this layer, a current view of coastal inundation susceptibility is considered rather than a projected view.  

This data highlights some 133 km² of coastline classed as ‘high susceptibility to erosion’ with a further 195 km² in the ‘moderate to high susceptibility’ class. Even if defences are maintained, this is a staggering amount of coastline under threat and there are some 30 000 properties within 25 m of potentially highly susceptible coast. Counties such as Lincolnshire, Hampshire, Norfolk and Lancashire are particularly affected.

GeoCoast Open

GeoCoast Open data is freely available on the and for download. This package provides a range of historic images and diagrams extracted from our archives, memoirs and other publications that can provide a reference for coastal change. It also contains a detailed suite of statistical data based on the GeoCoast Premium datasets. These include, for example, percentage of a shoreline management plan area or local authority coastline at threat from inundation and percentage of coastline with high susceptibility to erosion. In addition, there is a tool to compare or share best practice at a regional scale and streamline the consideration of multiple underlying datasets through a simple, high-level scheme, presented as domains.

A series of are available for seven coastlines of natural importance demonstrating the attribution and application of the datasets. For more information, please visit the 51ÁÔÆæ GeoCoast web pages or do not hesitate to get in touch (digitaldata@bgs.ac.uk).

In our previous posts, we shared a broad overview of our coastal regions, with examples of our coastal environments and potential future changes. Here, we dig a little deeper into more specific vulnerabilities and focus on how our new GeoCoast data product can support coastal management and adaptation initiatives. This new dataset has been designed to assist future planning, with resilience considerations based on the natural geological characteristics of the coastal region.

Low-lying areas

Low-lying coastal areas are already vulnerable to inundation (flooding by the sea). However, with increasing sea levels and storminess, impacts could be felt over a wider area than we think.

• Many dune sites are already in fragile equilibrium
• Damage to infrastructure, agricultural production and a loss of homes and businesses could be felt
• Groundwater levels at the coast are likely to rise, and the combination of rising groundwater and inundation from the sea, mean that flooding events could become more severe, extensive and prolonged
• Groundwater is also likely to become more saline (salty), causing added pressure on water resources, which in some parts of the UK are already critical (e.g. )

Shoreline defences

Shoreline defences and their management are also under threat in many areas. How long can we continue to repair defences or implement new schemes; to what extent can we manage the realignment — or should we let nature take its course and adapt rather than resist? In a 2015 report, the to help understand whole-life costing in flood risk management, including coastal erosion and protection.

There are many factors affecting our coastline and its resilience to these factors has been an ongoing debate for many years. Climate scenarios (UKCP18) predict that sea levels will continue to rise, wave heights will increase and freak storms might become more regular events by 2080 and 2100.

Human influence

Humans may come and go but the underlying, fundamental natural deposits — the geology — will always remain an important factor to consider. A sea wall might be currently protecting weak sediments, but if that sea wall is breached or no longer maintained, we need to know where and what is vulnerable and how we can adapt the area to be more resilient.

Impacts of climate change

The effects of climate change have been seen around our coastline: Happisburgh in Norfolk has (around 35 homes) over the years and Norfolk has a long history of coastal erosion dating back centuries, for example with the so-called ‘lost villages of Norfolk’ (Eccles; Keswick; Waxham Parva; Newton; Foulness; Ness; Shipden, and Clare). Birling Gap in Sussex has lost its terraces and the , perched above the English Channel, was moved 17 m inland in 1999 to protect it from the failing cliff.

Important structures and assets are strongly protected and have multimillion pound budgets to accommodate this. For example, the Bacton sandscaping scheme in 2019 cost around £22 million, raising the beach level by about 7 m in places, and protects the gas terminal and adjacent village. It is estimated it will only be effective for the next 20 years.

The National Trust has funded several rebuilds of the harbour wall at Mullion Cove, Cornwall, costing over £2 million, as winter storms become more frequent and stronger. The trust has recognised that there may come a point where rebuild is no longer financially possible.

How will the GeoCoast data product help?

GeoCoast is an integrated GIS package of datasets designed to inform and support coastal management and adaptation. Targeted at coastal practitioners, including regulatory bodies, local authorities, asset owners and also home owners who want to be better informed, GeoCoast can be used to underpin coastal decision making and planning relative to coastal inundation, erosion and climate change impacts. The datasets are compatible with shoreline management plan areas.

Coastal erosion

Coastal erosion is a real issue and is only set to increase under future climate change scenarios. There are some 133 km², or 15.5 per , of coastline that are classed as having a high susceptibility to erosion, much of which are located around the east, south-east and north-east coasts. A further 195 km², or 22 per cent, are classed within the moderate-high category. Some are defended; others are not.

Even if defences are maintained, this is a staggering amount of coastline under threat and there are some 30 000 properties within 25 m of potentially highly susceptible coast. Counties such as Lincolnshire, Hampshire, Norfolk and Lancashire have a high percentage of low-lying, weak, coastal landforms that are at potential risk from increased storminess and wave attack.

GeoCoast includes information on the morphology, behaviour and vulnerability of the coastline, underpinned by its geology and its coastal context (shape; slope; range, etc.) We have carried out a detailed analysis of the coastline sediments and cliff sections, and identified the changes of coastal stratigraphy that are stacked in cliff sections.

Geology maps only identify the uppermost geology, whereas GeoCoast considers the whole sequence from beach level or sea level, to the top of the cliff or coastal deposit. For example, parts of the Jurassic Coast in Dorset have sequences, from beach level to cliff top, of:

• Charmouth Mudstone Formation
• Eype Clay Member
• Downcliff and Thorncombe Sand Members
• Gault Formation
• Upper Greensand Formation

Each of these lithologies has different properties and different levels of resistance to coastal erosion, which, in turn, affect the resilience of the coastline and how it responds.

Coastal subsidence

The potential for coastal zones to undergo subsidence due to natural processes of compaction, dissolution, and shrinkage of geological deposits, has been linked with variations in sea level.

The coastal subsidence analysis combines satellite-measured movement with lithological data to generate levels of potential and measured movement (mm/yr).

Coastal floods

We have carried out extensive characterisation and modelling of the coast of Great Britain, considering many aspects of the coastal zone and its underpinning geology and sediments. Future sea-level rise has been modelled using UKCP18 SLR scenarios (RCP4.5) to provide an estimate of coastal inundation (nationally) of approximately 7258 km² by the 2050s, 7768 km²in the 2080s and 8145 km² by 2100.

Looking at the worst-case scenario and not taking into account defences, our data also suggests that some one million properties are at potential risk from inundation by 2050, increasing to 1.25 million by the 2080s and 1.35 million by 2100 if no protective measures are implemented.

More examples of the datasets can be viewed in our case studies, available as ESRI Storymaps.

To find out more about our GeoCoast data product, including to arrange sample datasets or licensing, please get in touch with us at digitaldata@bgs.ac.uk.

Read previous entries in this blog series:

• Six changing coastlines and how climate change could affect them
• Sea level rise and coastal erosion: what the real impact?

Join us for our GeoCoast launch event

Join our data products team for a live webinar on the 28 April 2022, and discover more about our new data product to underpin coastal decision making, resilience and adaptation. > Register online

About the author

In our last post, we looked at the coastline of Great Britain, how it is changing and what important factors we should consider in terms of natural hazards, adaptation and resilience. In this article, we visit six key examples of natural environmental importance and explore their potential vulnerability to climate change.

The coastline of Great Britain, including its islands, is 31 368 km long, according to the Ordnance Survey (OS), with the mainland making up 17 819 km. Cornwall is the county with the longest coastline (1086 km) followed by Essex (905 km) and Devon (819 km). Our island nation experiences some of the largest tides in the world, with a range of up to 15 m, and a variety of geohazards and processes regularly have an impact on the changing coastline.

51ÁÔÆæ has mapped the whole of the British coastline and now a new data product, GeoCoast, brings a whole range of data together into one package to help inform and interpret our coastal environment.

Spurn Point, East Yorkshire

Overview

Spurn Point is three miles long, forming a natural protection for the Humber estuary and the port of Hull, as well as being an important site for migratory birds and other wildlife. It is an ever-changing environment composed of shingle beach and tidal flat deposits that is highly susceptible to coastal retreat. Formed as a long, narrow spit from deposits moving along the coast carried by currents, it has been breached by storms multiple times, notably in December 2013 by a huge tidal surge, bursting through the narrowest part of the spit and destroying the road.

A changing climate

Sea-level rise is predicted to completely cut off Spurn Head by 2050, according to modelled .

More information

• Spurn Discovery Centre, Spurn Road, Kilnsea, Hull HU12 0UH
• Get there: take the A1033 from Hull

Flamborough Head, East Yorkshire

Overview

Further north from Spurn Point, the geology at Flamborough Head comprises chalk cliffs capped by deposits of glacial till. Here, the chalk is more resistant to erosion than the overlying till, which is often unstable and can be susceptible to landslides.

A changing climate

Increased rainfall could increase the sensitivity of the till deposits to destabilisation. In addition, increased wave activity and storminess could impact the chalk at wave level, creating undercutting and cavities, which will eventually destabilise parts of the cliff.

More information

• Visit just a few miles from Flamborough Head. The nature reserve is characterised by its stunning array of wildlife, a flint boulder beach and chalk cliffs with fossils
• Flamborough Head car park, Flamborough, Bridlington YO15 1AR
• Get there: the nearest train station is Flamborough, or take the B1259

Holkham, Norfolk

Overview

Miles of empty dunes and sandy beaches at low tide, alongside estuaries, tidal creeks and salt marshes, Holkham is one of the most beautiful stretches of sand in England. This unique stretch of coastline attracts numerous nature lovers, walkers, horse riders and film makers. Some four miles long, the white sandy beach is backed by high dunes and pine woods, creating an important habitat, and is a designated Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). The geology consists of tidal deposits, tidal flat and sand dunes, all with high susceptibility to coastal erosion and inundation.

The Holkham area suffered devastating consequences from floods in 1953 and 1978, then again on 5 December 2013 when a tidal surge flooded shops and homes in neighbouring Wells-next-the-Sea.

A changing climate

Continued effects of climate change are projected to see increased sea-level rises, resulting in a higher tidal reach into the tidal marshes and even higher storm surges, which could flood sensitive habitats, campsites and properties more frequently.

More information

• Get there: the nearest train stations are Cromer (25 miles) and Sheringham (19 miles). Take thh B1105 from the south or the A149 from the east/west. Use NR23 1RH in your satnav for parking

Tillingham marshes, Essex

Overview

The Dengie peninsula in Essex is a national nature reserve situated on low-lying land adjacent to the North Sea. There is evidence that the coastline was previously much further inland, as far as Tillingham village (which is 2 to 3 km from the coast). Earthen sea-wall embankments dating back to the Middle Ages have enabled the land to be reclaimed on the seaward side, forming an expansive area of saltmarsh, creeks and intertidal mudflats. This area is exposed to the waves and the saltmarsh landscape helps to attenuate the wave action, forming a natural defence against the sea.

The geology around this part of the coast is predominantly flat alluvial land, more gently undulating further inland with some steep slopes in the estuaries. The main superficial deposits are intertidal flats at the coast, fringed with saltmarsh with river terrace deposits and head landward, all underlain by the London Clay Formation.

A changing climate

Sea-level rises are accelerating erosion of the saltmarsh landward due to ‘coastal squeeze’ where the saltmarsh is eroded up against the seawall. The eroded sediment is then deposited on top of the existing saltmarsh and mudflats, building the height up on the seaward side so the marsh is higher than the land behind the seawall.

More information

• Get there: the nearest train station is Southminster, or take the B1021

Studland Bay, Dorset

Overview

Frequent winter storms have meant loss of sand from Studland Bay over many years and, in 2014, one of the worst winter storm surges in 35 years resulted in a loss of up to 10 m of dunes in just one storm. The coastline is composed of sand dunes and beach deposits, underlain by the Broadstone Clay Member. 

A changing climate

Projected increased sea-level rise and increased storminess will see the loss of these sand-rich deposits continue. The National Trust manages the coastline here and their focus is now on adaptation and the use of softer defences rather than the hard sea defences traditionally used.

More information

• Get there: you can reach Studland Bay on the B3351. Use BH19 3AH in your satnav for parking

Dungeness, Kent

Overview

Dungeness is situated at the southernmost point of Kent and is one of the most extensive examples of stable, vegetated shingle (gravel) in Europe, sheltering a large area of low-lying land.

Dungeness is almost entirely made up from flint shingle that has built up over the past six thousand years. The shingle has been redistributed over time forming a cuspate barrier, or ness, between its two shorelines. In addition to exposed shingle there are also buried shingle banks present. This barren landscape, with its landmark lighthouse, and also the site of a major nuclear power station, attracts around one million visitors annually.

The geology comprises predominantly storm beach and tidal flat deposits, alongside small amounts of blown sand and alluvium. These superficial deposits are underlain at depth by the Hasting Beds (sandstone, siltstone and mudstone).

A changing climate

Although some 30 per cent of the coastline is susceptible to erosion and 44 per cent (68km) could potentially be at risk of inundation by 2050, increasing slightly to 45 per cent (69km) by 2100, there is the requirement for continued sediment management to ensure the frontage at Dungeness nuclear power station is protected for the next 100 years..

More information

• Get there: the nearest train station is Rye, one mile from Lydd on the Dungeness road. Use TN29 9PN in your satnav for parking

Further information

In our next post, we will discuss how our new GeoCoast data product can be used to inform and assist users when responding to coastal adaptation and resilience.

GeoCoast is an integrated GIS package of datasets designed to inform and support coastal management and adaptation. It includes information about coastal erosion, sea level rise and inundation, coastal subsidence and the properties of the geological deposits.

Join us for our GeoCoast launch event

Join our data products team for a live webinar on the 28 April 2022, and discover more about our new data product to underpin coastal decision making, resilience and adaptation. > Register online

About the author

In this new series of blogs, the digital products team looks at the coastline of Great Britain, how it is changing and what important factors we should consider in terms of natural hazards, adaptation and resilience.

Coastal resilience is a key issue for our island nation, especially those who live and work around our coastline. The climate is changing, temperatures are increasing and sea-levels are set to rise. In recent years, we have witnessed numerous examples of coastal flooding, cliff falls and damage to infrastructure, businesses and homes during storms. But how much of an issue are these coastal vulnerabilities and what do we need to consider to increase our resilience to future events?

It is difficult to quantify the threat and potential economic impact of coastal erosion and flooding. The Climate Change Committee estimated in 2018 that, by the 2080s, over 100 000 properties may be in areas at risk from coastal erosion in England alone.

Various reports have been commissioned over recent years to assist in building a clearer picture of the situation and options to reduce this risk. The UK Government on exploratory sea-level projections for the UK provides future projection ranges to the year 2300. Under all scenarios, sea level is expected to continue to rise. Estimates range across (approximately):

• 0.5Ìým to 2.2Ìým for low () emissions
• 0.8Ìým to 2.6Ìým for medium-low () emissions
• 1.4Ìým to 4.3Ìým for high () emissions

To provide some context relating to the societal importance of our coastal regions, aside from their natural significance, we can consider some of the findings of a by a Select Committee appointed through the House of Lords. This group and the subsequent report had been set up to focus on the regeneration of seaside towns and communities, which included a review of tourism and hospitality. Based on this report and the associated proceedings, the following numbers can be ascribed to our coastal regions:

• more than eight million people live on the coast, in coastal communities ( (2018))
• according to , the sector employs 2.9Ìýmillion people and generates £130Ìýbillion in economic activity
• VisitBritain stated that tourism was worth £127Ìýbillion to the British economy ().

In the UK, current annual damages from coastal flooding are estimated at over £500Ìýmillion per year () and costs are likely to increase under projections of future sea-level rise. Historic assets are also under threat: buried archaeology and historic structures, such as the Godwin Battery on Spurn Point, have already been lost to coastal erosion. The following the 2013/14 winter storms amounted to some £250Ìý000, with other repairs costing many thousands of pounds. Ìý

Our new GeoCoast data product can be used to inform and assist users when responding to coastal adaptation and resilience. GeoCoast is an integrated GIS package of datasets designed to inform and support coastal management and adaptation. It includes information about coastal erosion, sea-level rise and inundation, coastal subsidence and the properties of the geological deposits.

Our next post in this series will look at six areas of changing coastlines around Great Britain and how climate change could affect them.

Join us for our GeoCoast launch event

Join our data products team for a live webinar on the 28 April 2022, and discover more about our new data product to underpin coastal decision making, resilience and adaptation. > Register online

About the author

51ÁÔÆæ GeoCoast is a new data product from BGS that will enable local authorities and coastal practitioners to make improved decisions about coastal hazards and help build resilience to increasing changes facing Britain coastlines.

A package of geospatial datasets designed to provide information on the geological conditions and constraints around the coastline of Britain, it translates key geological data into suitable information to support the decision-making process. The new data product has been designed to assist future planning, with resilience considerations based on the natural geological characteristics of the coastal region.

Each year, Britain coastline shoulders some of the largest tides in the world. Some areas are highly vulnerable to flooding, like Spurn Point in East Yorkshire where sea level rise is predicted to cut off Spurn Head by 2050 (based on UKCP18 climate change projections).

Of the 17 819 km of coastline around mainland Britain, some 15 per cent is potentially highly vulnerable to erosion. As climate change triggers sea-level rise and more extreme weather events, the effects on many of our coastlines, such as erosion, subsidence and landslides, are likely to become more frequent, scientists warn.

51ÁÔÆæ GeoCoast brings together a range of data for coastal practitioners, local authorities and asset owners who want to underpin their decision making and planning with authoritative data.

Users can access information on the morphology, behaviour and vulnerability of the coastline, underpinned by its geology and its coastal context, accounting for factors such as the shape of the coastline and its orientation.

Such information is essential for good coastal management and improving our understanding of coastal environments and their properties, enabling communities to better respond and build resilience to our changing coastline in the wake of more extreme weather events.

Increasing numbers of people are living in and using our coastal areas, where hazards such as flooding and erosion will continue to threaten our environment, infrastructure and livelihoods.

Adaptative strategies and effective planning decisions cannot be adopted without a thorough assessment of the area and an understanding of its unique coastal vulnerabilities. The availability and use of coastal data, including an assessment of climate change-related flood impact, are central to this evaluation.

The release of BGS GeoCoast will be a welcome step in arming practitioners with information and resources to understand more about which coastline is potentially vulnerable and make informed decisions about how we can adapt coastal areas to be more resilient.

Unlike other coastal datasets, BGS GeoCoast offers a consistent, national assessment that includes detailed analysis of the variation and erosion potential around the coast, especially in complex cliffs.

Katy Lee, BGS Digital Product Lead.

In areas vulnerable to coastal change, such as Holkham in Norfolk, tidal surges will particularly affect sensitive habitats, properties and businesses more frequently in the future. Other areas include Tillingham Marshes in Essex, Studland Bay in Dorset and Dungeness in Kent.

Human influence may come and go but the underlying, fundamental natural deposits — the geology — are always an important factor to consider. A sea wall might be protecting weak sediments currently, but if that sea wall is breached or no longer maintained, we need to be aware of potential vulnerabilities in order to adapt the area to be more resilient.

Katy Lee, BGS Digital Product Lead.

Combining geological knowledge and coastal expertise with a track record of delivering data services to stakeholders for over 20 years, BGS GeoCoast is available in two easy-to-use packages, GeoCoast Premium and GeoCoast Open.

GeoCoast data product launch event

Coastal practitioners, local authorities and anyone interested in finding out more about GeoCoast are invited to attend a free, online webinar being hosted by BGS on 28 April 2022 at 13.00. Those wishing to attend should register online via our event page.

GeoCoast Premium

Offering the most detailed and technical suite of information, GeoCoast Premium provides a range of geological and geomorphological properties that influence coastal vulnerability. It is best suited to local authorities, coastal practitioners and asset owners who want essential and tailored baseline geological information to feed into coastal vulnerability analyses and assessments at the local level.

The datasets are compatible with shoreline management plan areas and can be integrated with other models and datasets to ascertain a more extensive vulnerability assessment considering broader ecological, morphological and societal impacts.

GeoCoast Open

A suite of GeoCoast Open datasets are also available for anyone with an interest in coastal change, offering access to archive photographs, cross-sections and diagrams from BGS maps, memoirs and publications, as well as a combined coastal domains summary and an analysis of the key variables and data combinations available within the BGS GeoCoast product.

51ÁÔÆæ GeoCoast provides an integrated GIS package of datasets designed to inform and support coastal management and adaptation. It provides information on the morphology, behaviour and vulnerability of the coastline, underpinned by its geology and its coastal context (shape; profile; height, etc.), and particularly coastal erosion, inundation and potential subsidence.

In the webinar, you will gain insights into the content of the data and why it is important to understand the natural geological conditions, and learn more about our development of coastal erosion data and its potential uses.

This recorded 30 minute webinar covers:

• examples of use and applicability
• GeoCoast development and research
• GeoCoast features and content
• Open and Premium products
• Q&A session with the experts

About the BGS GeoCoast data product

51ÁÔÆæ GeoCoast offers anyone with assets or an interest in the coastline around Great Britain access to easy-to-use datasets linked to geohazard data. This allows users to interpret potential interdependencies in terms of erosion and future flooding with respect to climate forecasts, habitat and other vulnerabilities. As GeoCoast represents the natural geological coastline as if no coastal defences or made ground are present, the datasets are of particular value in areas where coastal defences are no longer maintained or have never been apparent.

51ÁÔÆæ has produced maps showing areas with varying vulnerability to coastal erosion, inundation and groundwater flooding, and potential subsidence. In addition, we have collated data to provide a suite of coastal statistics relative to shoreline management plans and local authoritative regions, a historic images catalogue and a nationwide classification of coastal domains.

These coastal hazards may lead to financial loss for anyone involved in the ownership or management of property or infrastructure, local government and property insurers. In this webinar, we’re bringing together the research scientists and product development experts to provide an introductory overview to the datasets and the science that underpins it.