Social media is a valuable tool. Society is now sharing a constant stream of real-time information across a wide variety of digital platforms. Alongside all the pictures of pets, family members and delicious dinners, social media channels are also used when disaster strikes. In this respect, social media has the power to harness important data that can have a huge impact for the global good. Take, for instance, the ability to learn about natural disasters across the world, as they unfold in real time.

51ÁÔÆæ has been working with earthquake and social media specialists at the and computer scientists at the to build the Global Landslide Detector, a tool that uses machine learning to recognise landslides in photographs shared on social media.

When a landslide happens, the damage caused is usually unknown beyond the locality until news reporters can attend the scene or once satellites have been able to collect images, and their responding communities have processed the data. This is called ‘data latency’ and can take some time – at best a few hours; at worst, several days.

We realised we could help improve this situation by speeding up the timescale in which landslide data becomes available on a global scale.

Why is social media useful for landslides research?

Social media information is imperfect; there is an awful lot of content being produced very quickly and it is constantly being added to. While this can seem a little overwhelming, if you have a way of untangling valuable updates from the social noise, what you will end up with is data in large quantities, in real time, covering geographical areas much larger than any conventional ground sensors can detect. These ‘social sensors’ allow access to a rich source of human information such as text, videos, photographs, timestamps and locations. This can provide us with disaster information very quickly.

The is a publicly available web service that extracts, in real time, photographs of landslides published on social media. This is something we hope will be welcomed by various sectors, including disaster risk reduction managers, first responders and landslide database researchers.

The detector currently monitors Twitter only, although there is scope for expansion in the future. It extracts tweets that contain a photograph in association with particular keywords. The keywords we’ve inputted are currently available in 31 different languages, which means that translation shouldn’t be a barrier to using the tool. Using machine learning, the tool then analyses the photographs automatically, to decide whether they contain a landslide or not. The data from this process is then organised by location and markers are placed on a map.

How you can help

Currently we are trialling the on the website. We are asking for feedback on several elements from the scientific landslide community, as well as anyone else with an active interest, including:

• refining the landslide keywords used to extract tweets
• expanding and updating keywords in other languages
• general layout

You can find an on the website, which may lead to further discussion, if needed.

Limitations

Before using the tool, it is important to understand some of its limitations.

• The Global Landslides Detector does not replace expert survey; data can come from any social media user
• Each photograph is analysed in isolation 
• The tool does not discriminate between landslide ‘types’ but aims to recognise zones of depletion (where the material has come from) and accretion (where it has been deposited); this excludes scenarios where the landslide debris has been removed by coastal or fluvial erosion, or where a landslide has been remediated
• The tool aims to show contemporary, rather than historic, landslides
• There must be a clear representation of a landslide as the major focus of the image
• Where representation is borderline, consideration is given to whether the end user would be concerned by the image being labelled as a landslide, e.g. in a situation where another geomorphological feature such as a retaining wall or a sinkhole might be marked as a landslide
• The methodology is aimed to identify landslide features, but the task is not to discriminate scale, meaning that images labelled as landslides may be very small (less than 1 m and not strictly a landslide)
• Aerial photographs including multiple landslide events are not captured by the tool
• The tool is not intended to be used in isolation during a disaster scenario but could complement existing workflows and provide new data, taking into consideration the limitations described and data biases (e.g. mobile coverage; widespread use of social media; population density)

The Global Landslide Detector website is not under the control of BGS and BGS is not responsible for the website, policies or practices.

Further reading

Catherine Pennington

Engineering geologist, landslide specialist

51ÁÔÆæ Keyworth

Find out more

Please note that, as part of our ongoing programme of application upgrades and redevelopment, the iGeology app was retired on 1 August 2022.

iGeology offers a digital geology map of Britain, which allows users to explore their local geology at street-level scale virtually anywhere in the UK. Since launching in 2010, iGeology has been downloaded more than 400 000 times and over one thousand users access the app every week.

iGeology has provided over four thousand bespoke geological reports to industry professionals. The on-demand generation and delivery of radon reports and natural subsidence reports have enabled small and medium-sized enterprises to incorporate BGS trusted data in order to provide authoritative answers to geological hazards. iGeology business users who have utilised these data products include building surveyors, land surveyors and arboricultural consultants.

iGeology and citizen science

Since 2018, iGeology has enabled users to register for a free BGSiD account in order to submit geological observations, provide feedback on the 51ÁÔÆæ Digital Geological Map of Great Britain (BGS Geology 50K) or tell other users about geological points of interest. Since then, over four thousand users have registered and there have been hundreds of detailed submissions, including photographs and technical commentary on BGS Geology 50K, demonstrating the level of engagement and interest shown by our app user base.

iGeology has reached new audiences and helped to raise awareness of BGS products and research. The app has been downloaded in 134 countries worldwide, making the BGS, as an organisation and brand, more visible to a wider international audience.

iGeology for teaching and public engagement

Through iGeology, BGS geological data is available to anyone, including non-specialists who can view and use geological maps without downloading any specific software. iGeology includes bedrock and superficial geology, borehole locations and geological features including faults, folds and mineral veins. iGeology is a useful tool for teaching geology in the field or as an aid to explain local landscape evolution to the public.

The Geology of Britain viewer is available via a web browser.

iGeology: timeline 2010 to present

About the author

Steven Richardson

Geospatial applications developer

51ÁÔÆæ Keyworth

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More information

Please contact BGS Enquiries (enquiries@bgs.ac.uk).